![]() This Article introduces a new structural theory-the alignment approach-that has the potential to reframe and unify many election law debates. For the last generation, the election law literature has emphasized structural values that relate to the functional realities of the electoral system, competition chief among them. ![]() state budgeting, but also suggests the widespread adoption of direct democracy as a possible explanation for the weak party effects observed in studies of state fiscal policy.Įlection law doctrine has long been dominated by rights-and-interests balancing: the weighing of the rights burdens imposed by electoral regulations against the state interests that the regulations serve. This analysis not only adds to our understanding of U.S. The results demonstrate that while the partisanship of elected officials is an important predictor of tax effort in pure representative jurisdictions, the relationship between party and policy disappears among initiative states. Using a large dataset, I estimate the determinants of state tax effort and compare across jurisdictions the effects of variables that measure the partisan control of government. This article tests the expectations of reformers by examining whether direct democracy alters the ability of partisan legislative majorities and governors to shape the size of the U.S. These divergent results illustrate how movement politics can influence outcomes through multiple channels and call into question the usefulness of the “Tea Party’’ moniker without important qualifiers.īy placing lawmaking power directly in the hands of citizens, Progressive movement reformers hoped to undercut the ability of political parties to pursue their policy objectives. Self-identification among elites did not enhance-or harm-Republican electoral fortunes, but did affect congressional votes important to the movement. ![]() Group endorsement activity had possible effects on elections, but mostly no effect on congressional voting. ![]() Constituent opinion had virtually no impact on either political outcome. We find consistent evidence that activists mattered both electorally and for roll call voting on issues of importance to the movement. We investigate four channels for the movement to influence political outcomes: activists, constituent opinion, group endorsement activity and elite-level self-identification. ![]() Understanding how the Tea Party has affected congressional elections and roll call voting helps us understand not only an important political movement, but how movements affect politics more generally. ![]()
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